Maximising Learning

Research-Backed Strategies for Successful Study

From Mr Matt Byrne, Acting Executive Director of Learning and Wellbeing

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At Kinross Wolaroi School, we believe in equipping students with the best strategies for learning, based on the latest scientific research. Traditional study methods, such as re-reading notes and passive review, have been proven ineffective. Instead, research into cognitive science suggests that techniques like retrieval practice, spaced repetition, and active engagement are far more powerful for retaining and recalling information.

A six-session course is now available to our students. Designed to maximise student learning, it explores these evidence-based strategies in depth. Below, we outline the key takeaways from each session.

How the Brain Learns

Understanding how the brain processes and stores information is the first step in effective study. When students engage in learning, different regions of the brain handle various types of input—visual information in the occipital lobe, auditory signals in the auditory cortex, and focus in the frontal lobe. Learning involves forming neural connections; the more these pathways are activated, the stronger the memories become. Without active reinforcement, information remains in short-term memory and is quickly lost. Attention is a critical factor in this process, and strategies like minimising distractions and optimising focus can significantly enhance learning.

Retrieval and Spaced Practice

Retrieval practice is one of the most effective study methods, requiring students to actively recall information rather than passively reviewing it. Techniques such as writing down what you remember before checking notes, using flashcards, and practicing past exams reinforce memory by strengthening neural pathways.

Spaced practice involves revisiting information at gradually increasing intervals rather than cramming. This technique forces the brain to work harder to retrieve information, making it more likely to be stored in long-term memory. Research confirms that spacing out study sessions leads to better retention compared to last-minute cramming.

Elaboration and Dual Coding

Elaboration is the process of connecting new information to existing knowledge by asking deep questions such as “Why does this work?” or “How does this relate to what I already know?” This strengthens understanding and helps with recall.

Dual coding leverages the brain’s ability to process visual and verbal information simultaneously. Using diagrams, infographics, and visual representations alongside written notes reinforces learning. For example, combining text analysis with a film adaptation of a novel strengthens comprehension through multiple inputs.

Notetaking and Interleaving

Effective notetaking goes beyond simple transcription—it involves summarising information in your own words and structuring it for clarity. Research suggests that handwriting notes leads to deeper engagement compared to typing.

Interleaving is another powerful study strategy, where students mix different but related subjects during a study session rather than focusing on one topic at a time. This approach helps the brain recognise patterns and strengthens long-term understanding.

Study Schedules, Sleep, Diet, and Exercise

Creating a structured study schedule reduces cognitive overload and improves focus. The best study schedules include a balance of retrieval, spacing, and review, with time allocated for breaks and exercise.

Sleep plays a vital role in memory consolidation. Research indicates that sleep deprivation significantly reduces the brain’s ability to retain information. Similarly, a balanced diet and regular exercise improve cognitive function, ensuring that students are physically and mentally prepared for learning.

Exam Preparation and Managing Anxiety

Preparation for exams should focus on retrieval and spaced practice rather than rote memorisation. Reviewing past papers, structuring responses according to question types, and understanding the expectations of different subjects improve confidence and performance.

Managing exam anxiety is equally important. Techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness, and positive self-talk can help students remain calm and focused under pressure. Establishing a consistent study routine and prioritising sleep before an exam also enhance cognitive function and recall.

Learning to work smarter

Success in learning isn’t about working harder—it’s about working smarter. By implementing these research-backed strategies, students can improve retention, reduce stress, and develop lifelong study habits that will serve them well beyond their school years. For a more comprehensive understanding of these techniques, students and parents can explore additional resources such as the recommended textbook The New Science of Learning (Doyle, Zakarajsek) and the school’s Learning How to Learn online course.

If you have any questions or need further guidance, our academic staff are always available to support students on their learning journey.